RTP and Expected Loss Calculator

This RTP calculator multiplies a total stake per spin by a spin count, then applies the theoretical return percentage you supply. It shows turnover, theoretical expected return, theoretical expected loss and house edge. Optional gross returns from the same activity add an observed percentage and actual net result.

The figures explain an entered model, rather than predicting a session. Use one currency throughout. Examples on this page use fictional AUD amounts. The Calculators and Tools hub helps you choose the right calculation, and the RTP guide explains the underlying terms in depth.

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Use the RTP and expected-loss calculator

RTP and house-edge calculator

Enter the total stake per spin, number of spins and theoretical RTP. The figures show an expected-value calculation, not a session forecast. Use the same currency for every money field.

Total stake per spin ($)Use the whole spin cost, not the stake per line.

Number of spins

Theoretical RTP (%)

Actual total returns ($, optional)Sum of gross game returns for those same stakes, not deposits or the ending balance.

Calculate RTP figures Reset inputs

Supply the whole spin cost, a whole number of spins and the relevant theoretical RTP. Leave actual total returns blank when you only want the theoretical figures. Use Calculate RTP figures to show the result and Reset inputs to restore the starting values.

Changing an input clears the previous result until you calculate again. An identified input problem needs correcting before a new result is shown. The accepted ranges are described below; they do not verify the source or meaning of a number.

Read three different kinds of figure

Keep those labels with any copied result. A theoretical expected loss is not a maximum-loss limit, and an observed percentage is not an independent forecast of the next round.

The inputs have defined numerical ranges

Accepted input ranges and meanings

Input	Range and interpretation
Total stake per spin	From 0.01 to 100,000 in the one currency used throughout. Supply the complete paid-spin cost.
Number of spins	A whole number from 1 to 10,000,000. The model uses that same stake for every counted spin.
Theoretical RTP	From 0% to 100%, using the percentage applicable to the model concerned.
Actual total returns	Optional: from zero to 1,000,000,000,000. Use gross returns from those same stakes, rather than deposits or balance.

These are input boundaries, not recommendations, affordability limits or claims that a product with an extreme value exists. A number can fall inside a permitted range while still being the wrong input for the question.

The money fields display a dollar sign, but the calculation does not convert currencies. Do not enter an AUD stake and USD returns as though they share a unit. The Banking guide explains currency and ledger distinctions.

Use the total stake per paid spin

The stake field needs the complete cost of the spin represented in the count. A line stake, credit denomination or main component alone can understate it when other paid components are included.

For a fictional AUD example, 20 lines at $0.05 each cost $1 per paid spin. Using $0.05 as the total would describe a different amount of turnover. The Pokies guide explains how credits, lines and feature costs can have different bases.

If a stated model covers a $0.75 main component plus a $0.25 paid option, total stake is $1. The relevant RTP must cover that same complete model. Do not apply a main-game percentage to an additional component without evidence that it belongs in that figure.

An included feature event is not automatically another paid stake. Read the game’s cycle and reporting definitions. Counting nominal event values as extra money paid can misstate turnover, while omitting an actual extra cost can understate it.

Use a count that matches the stake and sample

The number-of-spins field uses a positive whole count. It does not model a variable sequence of stakes, changes in mode or separate configurations. A plan for future activity is also different from a completed record.

If actual results are supplied, their gross returns must come from the same counted activity. Mixing a month’s return total with one afternoon’s spin count would create an unrelated percentage.

For planned examples, the calculator assumes all counted spins take place at the supplied stake. It does not check whether a starting balance could fund them or determine when a player would stop. A large count is an arithmetic input, not a guarantee of reaching the theoretical average.

The volatility guide explains why finite sequences can differ substantially from an average. More rounds also mean more total stakes under a fixed stake model.

Enter a theoretical percentage with its source

The theoretical RTP field supplies an assumption. The calculator does not look up a game, identify an active configuration or confirm that a percentage is current. Keep the exact game, mode, version and source date with it.

A supplier can describe multiple possible mathematical versions without identifying which one another installation uses. Familiar artwork or a shared title does not establish that the entered figure applies.

The UK Gambling Commission’s RTP definitions distinguish designed return from measured return. The definition is a technical reference within its scope, not an endorsement of an unidentified provider.

The field accepts the endpoints 0% and 100%. Under the entered model, 0% gives zero expected return and expected loss equal to turnover; 100% gives expected return equal to turnover and zero expected loss. Those mean calculations do not establish that a particular game exists or that an individual faces no risk.

How the four theoretical outputs are calculated

Turnover is total stake per spin multiplied by the number of spins. Expected gross return is turnover multiplied by RTP divided by 100. Expected loss is turnover multiplied by the percentage remaining after subtracting RTP from 100, divided by 100.

House edge is 100% minus RTP under the same complete model. For a hypothetical 96% RTP, the corresponding edge is 4%. The two monetary components are theoretical return and theoretical loss on turnover, rather than an extra fee and a promised payout.

The calculator uses the supplied numbers before displaying rounded results. A valid calculation still depends on matching the stake base and theoretical percentage. Arithmetic cannot correct a source figure taken from another game or mode.

The Betting Odds Explained guide covers a different calculation: a winning price-based return. A possible return at accepted odds and a theoretical game-return percentage should not be treated as the same measure.

The starting values produce a simple worked example

The starting values are a 0.50 stake, 100 spins and 96% theoretical RTP, with actual returns blank. If those money units are AUD, turnover is $50. Expected return is $48, expected loss is $2 and house edge is 4%.

The arithmetic is $0.50 multiplied by 100, followed by $50 multiplied by 0.96 for return or 0.04 for loss. The $2 figure does not say that every hundred-spin session loses $2.

It also does not mean a $50 deposit necessarily produces a $48 withdrawal. Turnover can include repeatedly staked returns, while account balances and transfers have their own entries.

If hypothetical actual gross returns of $45 are then supplied, the observed percentage is 90% and the actual net result is a $5 loss. The theoretical figures remain $48 and $2 because their entered model has not changed.

Blank and zero actual returns mean different things

The optional field is for the sum of gross game returns on the same stakes. Blank means no actual total has been supplied, so the observed-percentage and actual-net-result section is not shown.

Zero is a supplied result. In the $50-turnover example, actual returns of zero produce 0% observed return and a $50 actual loss. That is different from leaving the field blank.

Gross returns can include recovery of stakes under the relevant payout convention. They are not the same as profit, deposits, withdrawals or ending balance. Do not add a returned stake again if it is already included in the gross amount.

The Commission’s measured-RTP calculation guidance uses total prizes divided by total stakes. Here, observed percentage is gross returns divided by turnover, multiplied by 100; actual net is gross returns minus turnover.

A second example separates theory and observation

Use a fictional $1.25 AUD total stake, 240 spins and 95.5% theoretical RTP. Turnover is $300. Expected return is $286.50, expected loss $13.50 and house edge 4.5%.

Now suppose that same activity has $312 of gross actual returns. Observed return is 104% and actual net result is a $12 gain. The observed percentage can exceed 100% even though the theoretical input is limited to 100%.

The two percentages answer different questions. One describes an entered design average; the other measures the stated sample. The gain does not prove that a future session will repeat it or that the game has a theoretical return of 104%.

For a complete account result, opening balance, deposits, withdrawals, fees and pending items can also matter. The actual-net output here concerns only the entered game stakes and returns, not every account movement.

Handle changing stakes as separate constant groups

The form has one stake and one count. If a record contains different stake levels, identify each constant group rather than pretending one displayed stake covered every spin.

For an invented example, 80 spins at $0.50 AUD create $40 turnover, and 20 spins at $1 create $20. Total turnover is $60. At the same assumed 96% RTP, their expected returns are $38.40 and $19.20, totalling $57.60; expected losses total $2.40.

Calculating all 100 spins at $0.50 instead would produce only $50 turnover and omit $10 of actual stakes. The calculation would be consistent with that incorrect input.

Where configurations or percentages also differ, keep the groups’ models separate. Combining expected money figures requires their stated assumptions; a simple average of percentages does not automatically produce the correct combined result.

For a separate fictional comparison, apply 96% to the $40 group and 94% to the $20 group. Expected returns become $38.40 and $18.80, totalling $57.20 on $60 turnover. The combined theoretical percentage is approximately 95.33%, rather than the simple midpoint of 95%. Each group’s turnover determines its weight. Calculate the groups separately and preserve both models; the form does not provide a list of different games or automatically identify their weights.

Change one input to inspect its effect

At unchanged 96% RTP, doubling the starting stake from $0.50 AUD to $1 over 100 spins doubles turnover to $100, expected return to $96 and expected loss to $4. Doubling the count instead has the same turnover effect under the same stake model.

Keep the original $50 turnover and change only theoretical RTP from 96% to 94%. Expected return becomes $47 and expected loss $3. The two-percentage-point change moves these amounts by $1 in opposite directions.

These comparisons show sensitivity of a mean calculation. They do not predict which personal session loses more or make additional activity necessary. If several inputs change together, record them separately so the cause of a numerical difference remains visible.

Money and percentages display to two decimal places

The calculator rounds the displayed labels while using the supplied inputs for the arithmetic. Keep source precision where relevant and distinguish a rounded display from the exact underlying amount.

A fictional $0.01 AUD turnover at 50% theoretical RTP has an expected return of $0.005 and an expected loss of $0.005. Each can display as $0.01 when rounded to cents, although their unrounded sum remains $0.01. The display does not create another cent.

Observed percentages can also have more precision than their labels show. For gross returns of $1 on $3 turnover, observed return is 33.3333 continuing, displayed as 33.33%. Reusing that rounded label in a later calculation can introduce a small difference.

Output rounding is not a statement of a provider’s actual payout-rounding rules. This calculator does not settle a bet, modify a balance or determine how a service handles fractional currency.

Check an unexpected result against the input roles

Start with labels before repeating the calculation. Is the stake the total spin cost? Does the count cover the same period? Is the optional amount gross returns or a different balance? A plausible-looking number can still answer the wrong question.

For the $300-turnover, $312-return example, imagine a fictional settled account beginning with $75 AUD and having no deposits, withdrawals, fees or pending items. It finishes at $87: $75 minus $300 plus $312. The $12 rise agrees with the game result.

Entering the $87 ending balance as gross returns would instead produce 29% observed return and a $213 apparent loss. The multiplication and subtraction would follow that input, but its role is wrong. Opening balance is not an additional calculator field; this complete ledger simply helps explain why the return figure must remain separate.

A net loss is also different from negative gross returns. In the starting-value example, a $5 net loss on $50 turnover corresponds to $45 gross returns under the stated game-only record. Entering minus $5 in actual returns is outside the accepted range; enter the relevant non-negative gross total when it is known.

Required blank fields do not supply a valid model. A fractional spin count is also rejected because the field requires a whole number. The optional actual-return field is the deliberate exception: leaving it blank requests theoretical figures only. Correcting a range problem establishes numerical validity, while matching the source and period remains your separate check.

What this calculator does not determine

The model has a stake, count, mean return and optional observed total. It does not contain a complete outcome distribution, a starting bankroll or stopping rules. It therefore does not calculate profit probability, balance survival, maximum loss or a time when money will run out.

It also does not fetch current RTP settings, convert currencies, deduct fees or verify promotional contribution. The Bonus Terms guide explains the separate conditions that can govern promotional activity, and the Bonuses hub distinguishes reward forms from cash and gross game returns.

The Commission’s performance-monitoring guidance explains why volume and volatility matter to measured results. A deviation can raise questions for an appropriate technical review, but a short sample alone does not establish its cause or the next outcome.

An entered percentage does not establish Australian service authorisation. Our Australian services overview links to official guidance. The Casino Games and Pokies guides explain mechanics separately from that service question.

Use numeric examples without private credentials

The form does not require an operator account connection, name, identity document or password. Hypothetical numbers are enough to inspect its arithmetic. Do not include private credentials in an editorial enquiry about a calculation.

Keep a note of the inputs, currency, source and date when comparing results. Label an invented sensitivity input as hypothetical rather than mixing it into an actual record. A copied output is easier to interpret when its assumptions remain attached.

Our Privacy Policy explains information sent to this website. A numeric calculation should not be read as a guarantee about every aspect of website data handling. Do not send one-time codes, full payment details, identity documents or recovery phrases to this site’s editorial address.

Use the Contact page to identify a disputed formula, input combination and expected arithmetic, with a current public source where relevant. Remove private details from any supporting material.

Sources, related explanations and support

Georgia Hitch is the website’s named author and editorial contact. The Editorial Policy explains sources and corrections. The Gambling Guides hub provides the wider reading routes.

The Betting guide explains accepted records and settlement, while Account Verification explains private account checks. None of those processes is completed by this calculator.

If gambling affects essential spending or wellbeing, the Responsible Gambling page links to independent support. An expected-value output does not create an obligation to keep playing or make earlier losses recoverable.

RTP calculator FAQs

What does this RTP calculator calculate?

It calculates turnover, theoretical expected return, theoretical expected loss and house edge from total stake per spin, spin count and supplied theoretical RTP. Optional gross returns for the same activity add observed return percentage and actual net result. It does not look up a live game configuration.

Which amount belongs in total stake per spin?

Use the whole paid-spin cost covered by the model, rather than a line stake or denomination alone. Include paid components only when the entered theoretical percentage applies to that complete model. The calculator assumes the same total stake for every counted spin.

What input ranges are accepted?

Stake is from 0.01 to 100,000; spin count is a whole number from 1 to 10,000,000; theoretical RTP is from 0% to 100%. Optional actual gross returns range from zero to 1,000,000,000,000. Use one currency. These are input limits, not recommendations or affordability measures.

What do the starting values show?

At a fictional $0.50 AUD stake, 100 spins and 96% theoretical RTP, turnover is $50, expected return $48, expected loss $2 and house edge 4%. These are averages under the entered model, not a promise that a particular session loses $2.

Is leaving actual returns blank the same as entering zero?

No. Blank means no actual total is supplied, so the observed and actual-net section is not shown. Zero supplies a measured total. On $50 AUD turnover, zero returns produce 0% observed return and a $50 actual loss under that record.

Should actual returns be my ending balance or withdrawal?

Use gross game returns from the same stakes, not deposits, ending balance or withdrawals. In the starting-value example, $45 AUD of gross returns gives 90% observed return and a $5 loss. Account transfers and opening or closing balances need a separate reconciliation.

Can observed RTP be higher than 100%?

Yes. In the hypothetical $300 AUD turnover example, $312 of gross returns gives 104% observed return and a $12 gain. That describes the sample, rather than proving a theoretical return above 100% or predicting another gain. The theoretical-input field remains limited to 100%.

Does expected loss state my maximum loss or chance of profit?

No. It is a mean calculation on the supplied turnover. The form does not include a full outcome distribution, starting bankroll or stopping rules. It cannot determine balance survival, maximum loss, profit probability or how long money lasts.

Why might rounded return and loss labels not add exactly?

Displayed amounts use two decimal places. A fictional $0.01 AUD turnover at 50% has $0.005 expected return and $0.005 expected loss. Both can display as $0.01 even though the unrounded sum is $0.01. Output rounding is not a provider's payout rule.

What happens after changing an input or using Reset?

Changing an input hides the previous results until you calculate again. Reset restores the starting stake of 0.50, 100 spins, 96% theoretical RTP and blank actual returns, clearing the displayed result. Correct any identified input issue before expecting a new calculation.